外牆外保溫係統在設計、施工等過程中的一些不當方法,會造成施工質量問題。那麼,如何才能使建築保溫做到既滿足保溫要求,又滿足建築施工質量要求呢? 首shou先xian,由you於yu外wai保bao溫wen使shi建jian築zhu結jie構gou處chu於yu保bao溫wen層ceng的de保bao護hu中zhong,使shi建jian築zhu結jie構gou所suo處chu溫wen度du環huan境jing穩wen定ding,有you利li於yu建jian築zhu結jie構gou的de保bao護hu,增zeng強qiang耐nai久jiu性xing。另ling外wai,外wai保bao溫wen將jiang建jian築zhu在zai外wai麵mian包bao裹guo,保bao溫wen的de麵mian積ji大da,更geng有you利li於yu保bao溫wen節jie能neng。關guan於yu外wai保bao溫wen存cun在zai牆qiang體ti開kai裂lie的de問wen題ti,我wo們men可ke以yi通tong過guo在zai外wai保bao溫wen材cai料liao及ji施shi工gong方fang法fa等deng方fang麵mian的de改gai進jin,使shi之zhi達da到dao規gui定ding的de施shi工gong質zhi量liang。
具體方法如下:建(jian)築(zhu)的(de)外(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)整(zheng)個(ge)建(jian)築(zhu)全(quan)部(bu)的(de)外(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)由(you)於(yu)不(bu)完(wan)全(quan)外(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)使(shi)得(de)建(jian)築(zhu)的(de)雨(yu)篷(peng)等(deng)構(gou)件(jian)出(chu)現(xian)裂(lie)縫(feng),因(yin)此(ci),為(wei)避(bi)免(mian)裂(lie)縫(feng)的(de)產(chan)生(sheng),應(ying)該(gai)對(dui)建(jian)築(zhu)進(jin)行(xing)全(quan)麵(mian)的(de)保(bao)溫(wen),包(bao)括(kuo)雨(yu)篷(peng)等(deng)構(gou)件(jian)。
外牆外保溫開裂的主要原因是保溫材料與外裝飾材料的線膨脹係數不同,我們預防裂縫的原理是:通過減小建築結構外保溫材料同外裝飾找平砂漿、外飾麵等材料的線膨脹係數比,使材料之間產生逐層漸變,柔性釋放應力,以起到預防裂縫的作用。
保溫材料的選擇現在施工的建築中,保溫材料的使用以擠密苯板、聚苯板、聚苯顆粒保溫材料為主。擠密苯板具有密度大、導熱係數小等優點,它的導熱係數為0.029W/m.K,而抗裂砂漿的導熱係數為0.93W/m.K),兩種材料的導熱係數相差32倍,而聚苯板的導熱係數為0.042W/m.K,同抗裂砂漿相差22bei,yincijimibenbanyujubenbanxiangbi,kanglienengliruoyujubenban。jubenkeliweizhuyaoyuanliaodebaowengerecailiaoyoujiaofenliaohejiaofenjubenkelizuocheng,jiaofencailiaozuoweijubenkelidenianjiecailiaoyibancaiyongshushihuifen-粉煤灰-矽粉-水泥為主要成分的無機膠凝體係,該類材料的導熱係數一般為0.06W/m.K,與抗裂砂漿相比相差16bei。gaizhongcailiaoyujimibenbanhejubenbanxiangbi,daorexishuyaoxiaodeduo,yinernenggouhuanjiereliangzaikangliecengdejiju,shitixishouwenduzhouranbianhuachanshengderefuheheyinglidedaojiaokuaishifang,tigaokangliedenaijiuxing。
zengqiangwangdexuanzeboxianwanggebuzuoweikangliebaohucengdeguanjianzengqiangcailiaozaiwaiqiangwaibaowenjishuzhongdeyingyongdeyikuaisufazhan,yifangmiantanengyouxiaodizengjiabaohucengdelashenqiangdu,lingyifangmianyouyunengyouxiaofensanyingli,jiangyuanbenkeyichanshengdeliefengfensanchengxuduojiaoxiliefeng,congerxingchengkangliezuoyong。youyubaowencengdewaibaohukailieshajiangweijianxing,boxianwanggebudechangqinaijianxingduikangliefengjiujuyoulejuedingxingdeyiyi。congnaijiuxingshangfenxi,gaonaijianxianweiwanggebuyaobiwujianwanggebuhezhongjianwanggebudenaijiuxinghaodeduo,zhishaonenggoumanzu25年的使用要求,因此,在增強網的選擇上,建議使用高耐堿的網格布。
保護層材料的選擇由於水泥砂漿的強度高、收縮大、rourenxingbianxingbugou,zhijiezuoyongzaibaowencengwaimian,naihouxingcha,eryinqikailie。weijiejuezheyiwenti,bixucaiyongzhuanyongdekanglieshajiangbingfuyihelidezengqiangwang,bingzaishajiangzhongjiarushiliangdexianwei,kanglieshajiangdeyazhebixiaoyu3。ruwaishimianweimianzhuan,zaishuinikanglieshajiangzhongyekeyijiarugangsiwangpian,gangsiwangpiankongjubuyiguoxiao,yebuyiguodao,mianzhuandeduanbianyingzhishaofugaizailianggeyishangwangkongshang,gangsiwangyingcaiyongfangfuhaodereduxingangsiwang。
無(wu)空(kong)腔(qiang)構(gou)造(zao)提(ti)高(gao)體(ti)係(xi)的(de)穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)在(zai)采(cai)用(yong)聚(ju)苯(ben)板(ban)作(zuo)外(wai)保(bao)溫(wen)的(de)設(she)計(ji)中(zhong),保(bao)溫(wen)層(ceng)主(zhu)要(yao)承(cheng)受(shou)的(de)是(shi)重(zhong)力(li)和(he)風(feng)壓(ya),由(you)於(yu)聚(ju)苯(ben)板(ban)強(qiang)度(du)的(de)限(xian)製(zhi),使(shi)保(bao)溫(wen)層(ceng)開(kai)裂(lie),甚(shen)至(zhi)脫(tuo)落(luo)。為(wei)了(le)提(ti)高(gao)保(bao)溫(wen)板(ban)的(de)強(qiang)度(du),應(ying)盡(jin)可(ke)能(neng)提(ti)高(gao)黏(nian)結(jie)麵(mian)積(ji),采(cai)用(yong)無(wu)空(kong)腔(qiang)構(gou)造(zao),以(yi)滿(man)足(zu)抗(kang)風(feng)壓(ya)破(po)壞(huai)的(de)要(yao)求(qiu)。
建築外牆外保溫是近年來新興的施工方法,由於內保溫、混合保溫等方法在設計中的缺陷,建議采用外保溫,並按照逐層漸變、柔性釋放應力的原則,選擇材料及施工方法,以達到保溫、抗裂的目的。由於外牆外保溫體係是一個有機的整體,組成的各相關層協同作用不僅要求柔性漸變,而且應有一定的相容性、協同性,形成一個複合整體。
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