wet spinning 化學纖維主要紡絲方法之一,簡稱濕紡。濕紡包括的工序是:(1)製備紡絲原液;(2)將原液從噴絲孔壓出形成細流;(3)原液細流凝固成初生纖維;(4)初生纖維卷裝或直接進行後處理。 將成纖高聚物溶解在適當的溶劑中,得到一定組成、一yi定ding粘zhan度du並bing具ju有you良liang好hao可ke紡fang性xing的de溶rong液ye,稱cheng紡fang絲si原yuan液ye。也ye可ke由you均jun相xiang溶rong液ye聚ju合he直zhi接jie得de到dao紡fang絲si原yuan液ye。高gao聚ju物wu在zai溶rong解jie前qian先xian發fa生sheng溶rong脹zhang,即ji溶rong劑ji先xian向xiang高gao聚ju物wu內nei部bu滲shen入ru,使shi大da分fen子zi之zhi間jian的de距ju離li不bu斷duan增zeng大da,然ran後hou溶rong解jie形xing成cheng均jun勻yun的de溶rong液ye。整zheng個ge過guo程cheng所suo需xu時shi間jian很hen長chang,溶rong脹zhang過guo程cheng的de速su度du對dui溶rong解jie速su度du有you重zhong要yao影ying響xiang。高gao聚ju物wu溶rong液ye在zai紡fang絲si之zhi前qian,須xu經jing混hun和he、過guo濾lv和he脫tuo泡pao等deng紡fang前qian準zhun備bei工gong序xu,以yi使shi紡fang絲si原yuan液ye的de性xing質zhi均jun勻yun一yi致zhi,除chu去qu其qi中zhong所suo夾jia帶dai的de凝ning膠jiao塊kuai和he雜za質zhi並bing脫tuo除chu液ye中zhong的de氣qi泡pao。在zai粘zhan膠jiao纖xian維wei生sheng產chan中zhong,紡fang前qian準zhun備bei還hai包bao括kuo熟shu成cheng工gong序xu,使shi粘zhan膠jiao具ju有you必bi要yao的de可ke紡fang性xing。 紡絲原液被循環管道送至紡絲機,通過計量泵計量,然後經燭形濾器、連接管而進入噴絲頭(帽)。噴絲頭一般采用黃金與鉑的合金或鉭合金材料製成。在噴絲頭上有規律地分布若幹孔眼,孔徑為0.05~0.08haomi。congpensikongyanzhongyachudeyuanyexiliujinruningguyu,yuanyexiliuzhongderongjixiangningguyukuosan,ninggujixiangxiliushentou,congershiyuanyexiliudadaolinjienongdu,zainingguyuzhongxichuerxingchengxianwei。shifangzhongdekuosanheninggushiwulihuaxueguocheng,danmouxiehuaxuexianweizaishifangguochengzhonghaitongshifashenghuaxuebianhua。liruzhanjiaoxianwei,xianweisuhuangsuannafenjiechengweixianweisuzaishengxianwei。 濕法紡絲速度(指卷取初生纖維的第一導絲盤速度)由you於yu受shou溶rong劑ji和he凝ning固gu劑ji雙shuang擴kuo散san速su度du和he凝ning固gu浴yu的de流liu體ti阻zu力li等deng限xian製zhi,因yin此ci遠yuan比bi熔rong紡fang速su度du為wei低di。第di一yi導dao絲si盤pan的de線xian速su度du與yu紡fang絲si原yuan液ye的de擠ji出chu速su度du之zhi比bi稱cheng為wei噴pen絲si頭tou拉la伸shen比bi。濕shi紡fang拉la伸shen比bi一yi般ban為wei負fu值zhi、零,或是很小的正值,目的是提高成形過程的穩定性。 紡絲原液是兼具粘性和彈性的彈粘體。原液從噴絲孔壓出時,有孔口脹大效應(巴勒斯效應),使擠出細流的直徑大於噴絲孔孔徑。濕紡過程中,脹大比一般為1~2。 zaidiyidaosipandelashenlizuoyongxia,jichuxiliuzaiyueguozuidazhijinghouzhujianbianxi,xihuaguochengyizhichixudaoyuanyexiliuwanquanguhuaweizhi。shifangzhongxiliuzhijingdebianhuabujinshilashenxingbiandejieguo,erqiehaiyuzhiliangchuandiguochengyouguan。congpensitoudaoguhuadiandeyiduanfangchengweixianweichengxingqu,shixianweijiegouxingchengdeguanjianquyu。 shifangchushengxianweiyouyuhanyoudaliangyetierchuyurongzhangzhuangtai。dafenzijuyouhendadehuodongxing,erqiequxiangduhendi,qixingtaijiegouyufangsigongyitiaojianguanxijiweimiqie。xuanzehekongzhifangsigongyitiaojian,kezhidebutonghengjiemianxingzhuanghuoteshumaoxikongjiegouheteshuxingnengdexianwei。 濕紡有各種不同的成形方式,紡絲機也有各種不同的結構。例如有單浴法或雙浴法,有深浴法或淺浴法,有漏鬥成形或管中成形等. 濕shi法fa長chang絲si紡fang絲si機ji的de卷juan繞rao裝zhuang置zhi有you離li心xin罐guan式shi或huo筒tong管guan式shi。紡fang製zhi短duan纖xian維wei時shi通tong常chang采cai用yong紡fang絲si後hou處chu理li聯lian合he機ji,各ge紡fang絲si部bu位wei成cheng形xing後hou的de初chu生sheng纖xian維wei被bei集ji合he成cheng束shu,連lian續xu進jin行xing後hou處chu理li。 濕紡不僅需要種類繁多、體積龐大的原液製備和紡前準備設備,而且還要有凝固浴、循環及回收設備,其工藝流程複雜、廠房建築和設備投資費用大、fangsisududi,yincichengbenjiaogao。zhizaoqieduanxianweishikecaiyongshuwankongdepensitouhuojizhuangpensitoulaitigaoshengchannengli。yibanzhiyoubunengyongrongtifangsidehechengxianwei,lirujubingxijingxianweihejuyixichunxianwei,caishiyuyonggaojuwurongyeshifangshengchanqieduanxianweihechangsishu。
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