熔體紡絲:將jiang高gao聚ju物wu加jia熱re至zhi熔rong點dian以yi上shang的de適shi當dang溫wen度du以yi製zhi備bei熔rong體ti,熔rong體ti經jing螺luo杆gan擠ji壓ya機ji,由you計ji量liang泵beng壓ya出chu噴pen絲si孔kong,使shi之zhi形xing成cheng細xi流liu狀zhuang射she入ru空kong氣qi中zhong,經jing冷leng凝ning而er成cheng為wei細xi條tiao。
溶液紡絲:選取適當溶劑,把成纖高聚物溶解成紡絲溶液,或先將高分子物質製成可溶性中間體,再溶解成紡絲溶液,然後進行紡絲。粘膠、維綸、腈綸多采用此法。溶液紡絲按凝固條件不同分為濕法紡絲和幹法紡絲。
幹法紡絲:利li用yong易yi揮hui發fa的de溶rong劑ji對dui高gao分fen子zi聚ju合he物wu進jin行xing溶rong解jie,製zhi成cheng適shi於yu紡fang絲si的de粘zhan稠chou液ye。將jiang紡fang絲si粘zhan液ye從cong噴pen絲si頭tou壓ya出chu形xing成cheng細xi絲si流liu,通tong過guo熱re空kong氣qi套tao筒tong使shi細xi絲si流liu中zhong的de溶rong劑ji迅xun速su揮hui發fa而er凝ning固gu,通tong過guo牽qian伸shen成cheng絲si。(氯綸,腈綸,維綸,醋纖)
濕法紡絲:將(jiang)成(cheng)纖(xian)高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)溶(rong)解(jie)於(yu)溶(rong)劑(ji)中(zhong)製(zhi)成(cheng)紡(fang)絲(si)溶(rong)液(ye),將(jiang)紡(fang)絲(si)溶(rong)液(ye)由(you)噴(pen)絲(si)頭(tou)噴(pen)出(chu)噴(pen)出(chu)後(hou)進(jin)入(ru)凝(ning)固(gu)浴(yu)中(zhong),由(you)於(yu)粘(zhan)液(ye)細(xi)絲(si)流(liu)內(nei)的(de)溶(rong)劑(ji)擴(kuo)散(san)以(yi)及(ji)凝(ning)固(gu)劑(ji)向(xiang)粘(zhan)液(ye)細(xi)絲(si)流(liu)中(zhong)滲(shen)透(tou),使(shi)細(xi)絲(si)流(liu)凝(ning)固(gu)成(cheng)絲(si)條(tiao)。
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