熔體紡絲:jianggaojuwujiarezhirongdianyishangdeshidangwenduyizhibeirongti,rongtijingluoganjiyaji,youjiliangbengyachupensikong,shizhixingchengxiliuzhuangsherukongqizhong,jinglengningerchengweixitiao。
溶液紡絲:選取適當溶劑,把成纖高聚物溶解成紡絲溶液,或先將高分子物質製成可溶性中間體,再溶解成紡絲溶液,然後進行紡絲。粘膠、維綸、腈綸多采用此法。溶液紡絲按凝固條件不同分為濕法紡絲和幹法紡絲。
幹法紡絲:利(li)用(yong)易(yi)揮(hui)發(fa)的(de)溶(rong)劑(ji)對(dui)高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)進(jin)行(xing)溶(rong)解(jie),製(zhi)成(cheng)適(shi)於(yu)紡(fang)絲(si)的(de)粘(zhan)稠(chou)液(ye)。將(jiang)紡(fang)絲(si)粘(zhan)液(ye)從(cong)噴(pen)絲(si)頭(tou)壓(ya)出(chu)形(xing)成(cheng)細(xi)絲(si)流(liu),通(tong)過(guo)熱(re)空(kong)氣(qi)套(tao)筒(tong)使(shi)細(xi)絲(si)流(liu)中(zhong)的(de)溶(rong)劑(ji)迅(xun)速(su)揮(hui)發(fa)而(er)凝(ning)固(gu),通(tong)過(guo)牽(qian)伸(shen)成(cheng)絲(si)。(氯綸,腈綸,維綸,醋纖)
濕法紡絲:將(jiang)成(cheng)纖(xian)高(gao)分(fen)子(zi)聚(ju)合(he)物(wu)溶(rong)解(jie)於(yu)溶(rong)劑(ji)中(zhong)製(zhi)成(cheng)紡(fang)絲(si)溶(rong)液(ye),將(jiang)紡(fang)絲(si)溶(rong)液(ye)由(you)噴(pen)絲(si)頭(tou)噴(pen)出(chu)噴(pen)出(chu)後(hou)進(jin)入(ru)凝(ning)固(gu)浴(yu)中(zhong),由(you)於(yu)粘(zhan)液(ye)細(xi)絲(si)流(liu)內(nei)的(de)溶(rong)劑(ji)擴(kuo)散(san)以(yi)及(ji)凝(ning)固(gu)劑(ji)向(xiang)粘(zhan)液(ye)細(xi)絲(si)流(liu)中(zhong)滲(shen)透(tou),使(shi)細(xi)絲(si)流(liu)凝(ning)固(gu)成(cheng)絲(si)條(tiao)。
濕shi法fa紡fang絲si的de特te點dian是shi噴pen絲si頭tou孔kong數shu多duo,但dan紡fang絲si速su度du慢man,適shi合he紡fang製zhi短duan纖xian維wei,而er幹gan法fa紡fang絲si適shi合he紡fang製zhi長chang絲si。通tong常chang同tong品pin種zhong化hua學xue纖xian維wei利li用yong幹gan法fa紡fang絲si較jiao濕shi法fa紡fang絲si所suo得de纖xian維wei結jie構gou均jun勻yun,質zhi量liang較jiao好hao。 |