二
、用於垃圾填埋場的土工複合排水網
在垃圾填埋場中
，土工複合排水網可用於：
1、地下水導排層
2、滲漏檢測層
3、滲濾液收集導排層
4、封場氣體收集導排層
5、封場地表水收集導排
三、垃圾填埋場滲濾液導排層和滲漏檢測層
要(yao)防(fang)止(zhi)墊(dian)襯(chen)係(xi)統(tong)滲(shen)漏(lou)並(bing)保(bao)證(zheng)垃(la)圾(ji)填(tian)埋(mai)場(chang)的(de)安(an)全(quan)
，滲(shen)濾(lv)液(ye)導(dao)排(pai)係(xi)統(tong)必(bi)須(xu)具(ju)有(you)可(ke)靠(kao)的(de)排(pai)水(shui)性(xing)能(neng)，排(pai)出(chu)襯(chen)墊(dian)係(xi)統(tong)收(shou)集(ji)的(de)滲(shen)濾(lv)液(ye)，保(bao)證(zheng)襯(chen)墊(dian)滲(shen)濾(lv)液(ye)飽(bao)和(he)水(shui)頭(tou)小(xiao)於(yu)排(pai)水(shui)層(ceng)厚(hou)度(du)。傳(chuan)統(tong)的(de)砂(sha)礫(li)石(shi)等(deng)天(tian)然(ran)排(pai)水(shui)材(cai)料(liao)用(yong)於(yu)垃(la)圾(ji)填(tian)埋(mai)場(chang)的(de)滲(shen)濾(lv)液(ye)收(shou)集(ji)導(dao)排(pai)
，會(hui)占(zhan)用(yong)很(hen)大(da)的(de)填(tian)埋(mai)空(kong)間(jian)。對(dui)於(yu)斜(xie)坡(po)滲(shen)濾(lv)液(ye)導(dao)排(pai)，使(shi)用(yong)砂(sha)礫(li)石(shi)將(jiang)很(hen)難(nan)堆(dui)放(fang)。使(shi)用(yong)土(tu)工(gong)複(fu)合(he)排(pai)水(shui)網(wang)，基(ji)本(ben)上(shang)不(bu)受(shou)邊(bian)坡(po)坡(po)度(du)的(de)限(xian)製(zhi)。礫(li)石(shi)作(zuo)為(wei)滲(shen)濾(lv)液(ye)收(shou)集(ji)導(dao)排(pai)層(ceng)
，會(hui)對(dui)防(fang)滲(shen)土(tu)工(gong)膜(mo)造(zao)成(cheng)破(po)壞(huai)。據(ju)統(tong)計(ji)顯(xian)示(shi)，土(tu)工(gong)膜(mo)上(shang)礫(li)石(shi)的(de)鋪(pu)放(fang)是(shi)造(zao)成(cheng)土(tu)工(gong)膜(mo)破(po)壞(huai)的(de)最(zui)大(da)原(yuan)因(yin)
，占(zhan)總(zong)破(po)壞(huai)的(de)70%以上。
三san維wei土tu工gong複fu合he排pai水shui網wang具ju有you三san維wei空kong間jian立li體ti導dao排pai結jie構gou，使shi用yong高gao滲shen透tou性xing能neng的de土tu工gong布bu複fu合he
，在zai極ji高gao的de荷he載zai下xia能neng夠gou保bao持chi長chang期qi的de導dao排pai性xing能neng，用yong於yu主zhu滲shen濾lv液ye收shou集ji導dao排pai層ceng(LCRS)，能夠及時排出防滲膜的滲濾液，使得水頭小於土工排水材料的厚度
，減少由於水頭過大造成的土工膜滲漏。
四、填埋場封場氣體導排層和地表水導排層
垃la圾ji填tian埋mai場chang最zui終zhong覆fu蓋gai封feng場chang係xi統tong的de目mu的de是shi限xian製zhi降jiang水shui滲shen入ru填tian埋mai垃la圾ji裏li麵mian，盡jin量liang減jian少shao可ke能neng侵qin入ru水shui源yuan的de滲shen濾lv液ye的de產chan出chu。在zai封feng場chang係xi統tong中zhong，地di表biao水shui導dao排pai層ceng的de功gong能neng是shi排pai出chu滲shen入ru覆fu蓋gai土tu層ceng的de水shui分fen
，避bi免mian在zai防fang滲shen層ceng上shang積ji聚ju。積ji水shui會hui在zai封feng場chang防fang滲shen層ceng上shang產chan生sheng超chao孔kong隙xi水shui應ying力li
，有you可ke能neng導dao致zhi植zhi被bei覆fu蓋gai土tu層ceng產chan生sheng滑hua動dong
，封feng場chang邊bian坡po破po壞huai。傳chuan統tong上shang使shi用yong砂sha礫li石shi作zuo為wei封feng場chang地di表biao水shui導dao排pai層ceng

，對dui於yu坡po度du較jiao大da的de斜xie坡po，砂sha礫li石shi墊dian層ceng的de堆dui放fang很hen困kun難nan，而er使shi用yong土tu工gong複fu合he排pai水shui網wang

，可ke以yi適shi用yong於yu更geng陡dou的de封feng場chang邊bian坡po，還hai能neng夠gou增zeng加jia垃la圾ji的de填tian埋mai容rong積ji。三san維wei土tu工gong複fu合he排pai水shui網wang具ju有you較jiao高gao的de導dao排pai性xing能neng，能neng夠gou及ji時shi排pai除chu地di表biao滲shen水shui，保bao證zheng封feng場chang斜xie坡po的de穩wen定ding。封feng場chang氣qi體ti導dao排pai層ceng垃la圾ji填tian埋mai場chang封feng場chang係xi統tong的de氣qi體ti導dao排pai層ceng的de排pai氣qi能neng力li不bu足zu或huo者zhe沒mei有you設she置zhi平ping麵mian氣qi體ti導dao排pai層ceng

，施shi加jia於yu防fang滲shen層ceng的de氣qi體ti壓ya強qiang過guo大da，有you可ke能neng導dao致zhi封feng場chang係xi統tong產chan生sheng破po壞huai。封feng場chang係xi統tong氣qi體ti導dao排pai層ceng可ke以yi使shi用yong高gao導dao排pai性xing能neng的de土tu工gong複fu合he排pai水shui網wang。使shi用yong高gao導dao排pai三san維wei土tu工gong複fu合he排pai水shui網wang，或huo者zhe土tu工gong複fu合he排pai水shui網wang配pei合he砂sha礫li石shi組zu成cheng填tian埋mai場chang封feng場chang係xi統tong的de氣qi體ti導dao排pai層ceng。填tian埋mai場chang封feng場chang係xi統tong中zhong使shi用yong土tu工gong複fu合he排pai水shui網wang作zuo為wei地di表biao水shui導dao排pai層ceng和he氣qi體ti導dao排pai層ceng，可ke以yi適shi用yong於yu較jiao陡dou的de斜xie坡po
，其qi較jiao高gao的de導dao排pai性xing能neng能neng夠gou及ji時shi排pai除chu滲shen水shui和he氣qi體ti
，保bao證zheng邊bian坡po的de穩wen定ding。
五、垃圾填埋場或蓄水池地下水導排
垃la圾ji填tian埋mai場chang填tian埋mai區qu域yu或huo蓄xu水shui庫ku的de地di下xia水shui位wei較jiao高gao，地di下xia水shui壓ya力li可ke能neng會hui破po壞huai防fang滲shen襯chen墊dian。要yao求qiu有you地di下xia水shui導dao排pai層ceng，排pai出chu上shang升sheng的de地di下xia水shui
，使shi得de防fang滲shen襯chen墊dian不bu被bei破po壞huai。
tianmaichangxiepohuoxushuikubatiyekenengyinweishuiyalitaida，youkenengdaozhixiepohuobatiyijixiepodefangshencengchanshengpohuai。shiyongtugongtugongfuhepaishuiwangzuoweidixiashuidaopaiceng，keyizaihenduandeshijianpaichushangshengdedixiashui，fangzhiguogaodedixiashuiyalipohuaifangshenchendian。tugongfuhepaishuiwangjuyoujiaogaodekanglaqiangdu，youjiagudijidezuoyong。tugongfuhepaishuiwangyongyuxiepohuobatideshenliudaopai
，nenggoujiangxiepodeshantishenliushoujipaifang
，nenggouyouxiaoxiaochushijiayufangshencengdecexiangyali，jianshaohuoxiaochuyouyushuiyalikenengzaochengdepohuai。
六、鐵路係統排水
鐵(tie)路(lu)路(lu)基(ji)可(ke)能(neng)會(hui)受(shou)到(dao)來(lai)自(zi)地(di)下(xia)和(he)地(di)表(biao)的(de)水(shui)破(po)壞(huai)。地(di)下(xia)水(shui)位(wei)過(guo)高(gao)，上(shang)升(sheng)的(de)地(di)下(xia)水(shui)會(hui)侵(qin)蝕(shi)路(lu)基(ji)
，破(po)壞(huai)鐵(tie)路(lu)結(jie)構(gou)，使(shi)得(de)路(lu)基(ji)的(de)承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)降(jiang)低(di)。來(lai)自(zi)於(yu)路(lu)表(biao)的(de)降(jiang)雨(yu)或(huo)雪(xue)水(shui)如(ru)果(guo)不(bu)能(neng)及(ji)時(shi)排(pai)出(chu)

，將(jiang)會(hui)汙(wu)染(ran)道(dao)碴(cha)，產(chan)生(sheng)翻(fan)漿(jiang)冒(mao)泥(ni)，導(dao)致(zhi)鐵(tie)軌(gui)變(bian)形(xing)等(deng)不(bu)良(liang)後(hou)果(guo)。
zailujijichuhuozhedaochaxiashezhifuhepaishuiwangpaishuiceng
，paichushangshengdedixiashuihuozhelubiaoshenshui。tugongfuhepaishuiwangjuyoujiaogaodeqiangduhegangdu，nenggouyouxiaojiagudijihuodaocha，tigaoqichengzaili。yongyutieluxitongpaishui，nengyouxiaodixiaochudongzhangdechanshengtugongfuhepaishuiwangpeiheshalishishiyong，keyixingchengyouxiaodetielupaishuixitong，kuaisudaopaitieludixiashuihuodibiaoshenshui。
七、公路路基和路麵排水
進jin入ru路lu麵mian結jie構gou內nei的de自zi由you水shui是shi造zao成cheng或huo加jia速su路lu麵mian損sun壞huai的de重zhong要yao原yuan因yin。道dao路lu積ji水shui在zai高gao速su行xing車che輪lun胎tai下xia產chan生sheng的de動dong水shui壓ya力li直zhi接jie對dui內nei部bu混hun合he料liao造zao成cheng衝chong刷shua
，動dong水shui壓ya力li隨sui車che速su的de增zeng加jia呈cheng幾ji何he級ji數shu增zeng長chang。路lu麵mian內nei部bu或huo附fu近jin的de自zi由you水shui會hui縮suo短duan道dao路lu的de使shi用yong壽shou命ming。如ru果guo自zi由you水shui滲shen過guo路lu麵mian浸jin入ru路lu基ji，無wu論lun路lu麵mian有you多duo厚hou，道dao路lu都dou會hui因yin失shi去qu支zhi承cheng麵mian而er四si分fen五wu裂lie。
設(she)置(zhi)路(lu)麵(mian)內(nei)部(bu)排(pai)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)，將(jiang)積(ji)滯(zhi)在(zai)路(lu)麵(mian)結(jie)構(gou)內(nei)的(de)水(shui)分(fen)迅(xun)速(su)排(pai)出(chu)到(dao)路(lu)麵(mian)和(he)路(lu)基(ji)結(jie)構(gou)外(wai)，改(gai)善(shan)路(lu)麵(mian)的(de)使(shi)用(yong)性(xing)能(neng)，提(ti)高(gao)其(qi)使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)。擁(yong)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)排(pai)水(shui)係(xi)統(tong)的(de)道(dao)路(lu)的(de)設(she)計(ji)壽(shou)命(ming)比(bi)沒(mei)有(you)排(pai)水(shui)的(de)道(dao)路(lu)要(yao)高(gao)出(chu)2～3倍。通過采用土工複合排水網可以較好地解決道路的排水問題。在道路係統中直接
、連續鋪設土工複合排水網，不僅可以取得良好的排水效果，還能大大減小基層或底基層的厚度

，提高承載力，消除不均勻沉降。
八、隧道和擋牆結構排水
隧sui道dao或huo者zhe擋dang牆qiang台tai背bei可ke能neng會hui由you於yu水shui壓ya力li過guo大da而er導dao致zhi結jie構gou破po壞huai。隧sui道dao襯chen墊dian排pai水shui性xing能neng不bu足zu或huo者zhe沒mei有you設she置zhi排pai水shui層ceng

，過guo高gao的de水shui壓ya力li會hui破po壞huai防fang滲shen層ceng，最zui終zhong導dao致zhi滲shen漏lou。如ru果guo在zai防fang滲shen層ceng上shang設she置zhi一yi層ceng排pai水shui層ceng，將jiang山shan體ti滲shen水shui先xian行xing收shou集ji排pai放fang，消xiao除chu施shi加jia於yu防fang滲shen襯chen墊dian上shang的de水shui壓ya，達da到dao防fang滲shen漏lou的de目mu的de。
擋土牆由於台背後的水分無法及時排出，過大的水壓力有可能破壞擋牆結構
，導致擋牆坍塌。解決辦法是：在擋牆台背後設置平麵排水層
，及時排出擋牆台背的水分。
shiyongshuangleihuosanweitugongfuhepaishuiwangzuoweisuidaohuozhedangqiangtaibeipingmianpaishuiceng
，henbodecailiaojuyouhengaodedaopainengli

，shigongbianjie
，qiyouyuexingshichuantongdeshalishicailiaowufabinide。
擁有良好排水係統的道路的設計壽命比沒有排水的道路要高出2～3倍。通過采用土工複合排水網可以較好地解決道路的排水問題。在道路係統中直接、連(lian)續(xu)鋪(pu)設(she)土(tu)工(gong)複(fu)合(he)排(pai)水(shui)網(wang)，不(bu)僅(jin)可(ke)以(yi)取(qu)得(de)良(liang)好(hao)的(de)排(pai)水(shui)效(xiao)果(guo)
，還(hai)能(neng)大(da)大(da)減(jian)小(xiao)基(ji)層(ceng)或(huo)底(di)基(ji)層(ceng)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)，提(ti)高(gao)承(cheng)載(zai)力(li)

，消(xiao)除(chu)不(bu)均(jun)勻(yun)沉(chen)降(jiang)石(shi)材(cai)料(liao)無(wu)法(fa)比(bi)擬(ni)的(de)。